超越“Hello World”—— 数字化人工智能未来的竞赛

使用基础模型（LLMs）进行自然语言对话

安迪萨马 - 首席信息官，Sinergi Wahana Gemilang

随着人工智能（AI）研究的进步，生成式AI在过去两年一直是主流新闻，受到各种基础模型的支持。生成式AI的多模能力使人们（或系统）能够以基于文本的自然语言对话风格与AI模型进行交流。根据文本提示，AI模型可以生成文本、文档、图像、语音、音乐，甚至视频进行回应。

由于自2010年开始，大数据和图形处理单元（GPU）的可用性，以及包括自1940年代以来对人工智能（AI）、机器学习和深度学习的不断创新，已经开发出各种先进算法和神经网络结构。

2017年的论文《注意力机制是一切所需》对深度学习Transformer架构是生成式人工智能的一个突破。这促使了OpenAI在2022年11月公开发布了ChatGPT，它以GPT基础模型为基础。术语“大型语言模型（LLM）”，即预训练的生成模型，突然成为新闻头条。训练有素的LLM也被称为基础模型。这种神经网络模型经过了大量数据的训练（可以想象可访问的互联网数据作为数据集），以及大量的计算能力（数以百万计的GPU小时）。由于如此庞大的基础设施，LLM的训练对于许多人来说是遥不可及的，只有少数研究人员和公司能够负担得起花费百万至数十亿美元用于研究与开发（研发）。

OpenAI发布基础模型后，很快受到其他公司的追随，如带有Granite和Granite-Code的IBM Watsonx，Google的Gemini，Meta.ai的Llama，微软的Bing和Copilot的GPT和DALL-E，以及三星的高斯为最新的S24旗舰智能手机。

今天是2024年7月4日。让我们尝试与市场上的五个可用LLM进行初步对话。

• OpenAI ChatGPT（基础模型：GPT，通过web浏览器）
• Microsoft Copilot（基础模型：GPT，预览版） - 安装在Windows.
• Google Gemini（基础模型：Gemini，通过网络浏览器）
• Meta AI（基础模型：Llama，通过网络浏览器）
• Mistral AI（基础模型：Mistral 7b，在本地笔记本电脑上运行）

Mistral 是我们实验中唯一运行在本地计算机上的紧凑基础模型。其它所有模型都在云端运行，并且模型尺寸远远大于 Mistral，因此需要相当大的基础设施来运行（特别是需要 GPU）。Mistral 在本地笔记本电脑上运行，配备了 Intel i7 CPU、16GB RAM、1TB SSD，并没有 GPU。

在这篇文章里，我们将该模型称为基础模型。两者意思相似。

我们向所有模特提出相同的问题，然后观察和比较他们的回答。

开始之前，让我们先和ChatGPT进行一次对话。

OpenAI ChatGPT

You
Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?

ChatGPT
Hi Andi! I'm ChatGPT, an AI language model created by OpenAI. How can I assist you today?

You
Nice to know you ChatGPT, what are your strongest capabilities
and how can you assist me?

ChatGPT
Nice to meet you, Andi! Here are some of my strongest capabilities
and ways I can assist you:
- Information Retrieval: I can provide detailed information on a wide range
of topics, including science, history, technology, and more.
- Writing Assistance: I can help with writing tasks such as drafting emails,
creating essays, composing poems, and even generating creative stories.
- Problem-Solving: I can assist with solving mathematical problems, coding
issues, and providing step-by-step explanations for complex concepts.
- Language Translation: I can translate text between various languages.
Conversation and Entertainment: I can engage in general conversation,
provide recommendations for books, movies, or music, and even tell jokes
or play word games.
- Learning Support: I can help with studying by providing summaries,
explanations, and answering questions related to various academic subjects.
Personalized Assistance: I can remember your preferences and tailor
my responses to better suit your needs.

How can I assist you today?

You
That's great. thanks for enlightening me. I will talk to you soon later.

听起来很正常。让我们继续使用 Copilot。

微软 CoPilot

You
Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?

Copilot
Hello, Andi! I’m Microsoft Copilot, an AI companion here to assist you.
How can I help you today? 😊

You
Nice to know you copilot, what are your strongest capabilities
and how can you assist me?

Copilot
Hello, Andi! I’m glad to assist you. As Microsoft Copilot, I have
a wide range of capabilities to help you with various tasks.

Here are some of my strongest abilities:
- Creative Writing: I can generate poems, stories, essays, code, and more.
If you need a creative piece, feel free to ask!
- Summarization: I can summarize articles, news, or any other content
you provide. Just share the text, and I’ll create a concise summary.
- Translations: I can translate text between different languages.
Let me know which languages you’d like me to work with!
Coding Assistance: If you have programming questions or need help with
code, I can provide explanations, examples, and even write code snippets.
- Information Retrieval: I can look up information on various topics
using Bing Search. Feel free to ask me anything!
- Image Descriptions: If you upload an image, I can describe its contents
for you.
- Problem Solving: I can help you solve puzzles, math problems, or any
other challenges you encounter.
- Entertainment: Need a joke, riddle, or fun fact? I’ve got you covered!
Remember, I’m here to assist, so feel free to ask anything, and I’ll do
my best to provide helpful and engaging responses! 😊

You
That's great. thanks for enlightening me. I will talk to you soon later.

Copilot
You’re welcome, Andi! Feel free to reach out whenever you need
assistance. Have a great day, and take care! 😊

类似的回应是 ChatGPT。让我们来看看 Google Gemini。

Google 星座

You
Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?

Bard
Hi Andi! I'm Bard, a large language model from Google AI.
It's nice to meet you!  Is there anything I can help you with today?

You
Nice to know you Bard, what are your strongest capabilities
and how can you assist me?

Bard
I'd be happy to share my strengths and how I can be helpful!
Here are some areas where I shine:

Understanding and responding to your questions: I can answer your questions
in an informative way, even if they're open ended, challenging, or strange.
I can access and process information from the real world through
Google Search to keep my responses up-to-date.

Generating creative text formats: I can create different kinds of
creative text content, like poems, code, scripts, musical pieces, email,
letters, etc. If you're stuck on a writing project, I can help you
brainstorm ideas or get over writer's block.

Simplifying complex topics: I can take difficult concepts and explain
them in a clear and concise way that's easy to understand.

Translating languages: Need to communicate with someone who speaks
a different language? I can translate between over 100 languages.
Integration with Google products: I can access and process information
from your Gmail, Docs, and Drive with your permission, helping you find
and summarize information or complete tasks.

Overall, I'm still under development, but I'm always learning and
improving. 

Here are some ways I can specifically assist you:

Research: Need to do some research for a project or presentation?
I can help you find relevant information and summarize it in a clear
and concise way.
- Writing: Struggling with a writing assignment or creative project?
I can help you brainstorm ideas, overcome writer's block, or even
generate different creative text formats.
- Learning: Do you have a question about a particular topic? I can explain
it to you in a way that's easy to understand.
- Communication: Need to translate something or communicate with someone
who speaks a different language? I can help you out there too.

Is there anything you'd like to try today?

You
That's great. thanks for enlightening me. I will talk to you soon later.

Bard
You're welcome, Andi! I'm glad I could help. 
Feel free to reach out whenever you have a question, need some
creative help, or just want to chat.  See you soon!

然后继续使用Meta AI。

人工智能

You
Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?

Meta AI
Hi Andi! I'm Meta AI, your friendly AI assistant!
I'm here to help answer questions, provide information, and even
generate text for you. I'm excited to be chatting with you on this
Independence Day!

You
Nice to know you Meta, what are your strongest capabilities
and how can you assist me?

Meta AI
I can help with a wide range of tasks, such as:
- Answering questions: I can provide information on various topics,
from science and history to entertainment and culture.
- Generating text: I can create text based on prompts, topics, or styles.
I can even help with writing tasks, like proofreading and suggesting
alternative words or phrases.
- Translation: I can translate text from one language to another,
including popular languages like Spanish, French, German, Chinese,
and many more.
- Summarization: I can summarize long pieces of text into shorter, more
digestible versions, highlighting key points and main ideas.
- Creative writing: I can generate creative writing, like poetry or
short stories, based on prompts or topics.
- Conversation: I can have a chat with you, answering your questions
and engaging in discussion on a wide range of topics.
- Entertainment: I can even generate jokes, puns, and fun facts to
brighten your day!

These are just a few examples, but I'm here to help with almost any task
or question you have. 

So, what do you need assistance with today, Andi?

You
That's great. thanks for enlightening me. I will talk to you soon later.

Meta AI
You're welcome, Andi! It was a pleasure chatting with you. Feel free
to come back and ask me anything or seek assistance whenever you need it.

I'll be here, ready to help.
Have a wonderful Independence Day and a great rest of your day!

最后，与Mistral AI。

米斯特拉尔人工智能

You
Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?

Mistral AI
Hello Andi! You are speaking with a model trained by Mistral AI.
How can I assist you today?

You
Nice to know you Mistral AI, what are your strongest capabilities
and how can you assist me?

Mistral AI
As a model trained by Mistral AI, I am capable of providing information
on various topics, answering questions, generating text such as articles
or stories, helping with problem-solving tasks, suggesting solutions
for coding issues, and even engaging in friendly conversations! How
can I help you today, Andi?

Let me know if there's anything specific you need assistance with.

You
That's great. thanks for enlightening me. I will talk to you soon later.

Mistral AI
You're welcome, Andi! Feel free to reach out whenever you have questions
or need assistance. Have a wonderful day!

梅斯特拉在本地运行，不需要连接云基础设施，使用奥拉玛作为模型服务应用程序。它的运行方式如下：

D:\Andisama>ollama list
NAME                    ID              SIZE    MODIFIED
mistral:latest          2ae6f6dd7a3d    4.1 GB  6 days ago
granite-code:8b         998bce918de0    4.6 GB  2 weeks ago
granite-code:latest     63bedbdffbf0    2.0 GB  2 weeks ago
granite-code:20b        31d8bc61e506    11 GB   3 weeks ago
llama3:latest           71a106a91016    4.7 GB  2 months ago

D:\Andisama>ollama run mistral
>>> Hi, my name is Andi. Who am I speaking to?
 Hello Andi! You are speaking with a model trained by Mistral AI. How can I assist you today?

>>> Send a message (/? for help)

从基础模型列表中，我们可以看到由Meta培训的Llama3 LLM模型。这个拥有80亿模型大小的模型可以在笔记本电脑上本地运行而无需GPU，比Meta AI云基础设施上运行的模型要小得多。

让我们快速看看这个模型如何在Windows（Windows 11）的本地运行。

D:\Andisama>ollama run llama3
>>> Hi, this is Andi. Who am I speaking to?
Nice to meet you, Andi! You're speaking with an AI assistant, a language 
model designed to simulate conversation and answer questions to the best 
of my ability. I don't have personal experiences or memories, but I'm here 
to help you explore topics, provide information, and even engage in fun 
conversations like this one! What's on your mind, Andi?

>>> Send a message (/? for help)

我们还可以在Linux（Ubuntu）本地运行模型。同样，在本地运行，没有任何连接到云基础架构。

与LLM们的进一步对话

让我们回到我们的对话，更深入地挖掘了解这些模型认为它们是如何思考的。我们向所有四个基础模型提出相同的后续问题：“我了解到作为一个大型语言模型，您应该具有一定水平的智能。您认为与人类智能相比，您的智能水平如何？请简洁地回答并将您的回答限制在250字以内。”

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
I understand that, as a large language model, you should have some level
of intelligence. What do you think your intelligence level is compared to 
human intelligence? Please answer concisely and limit your response to
250 words.

ChatGPT
=======
As an AI language model, my intelligence differs fundamentally from
human intelligence. I excel in processing vast amounts of information
quickly, recognizing patterns, and generating human-like text based on
the data I’ve been trained on. My strengths include rapid information
retrieval, consistency, and handling repetitive tasks without fatigue.
However, I lack consciousness, self-awareness, emotions, and personal
experiences that shape human intelligence.

Humans possess creativity, intuition, emotional understanding, and
the ability to learn from real-world experiences in ways that I cannot.
While I can simulate conversations and provide information, I don’t have
genuine understanding or the ability to think abstractly beyond
my programming.


Copilot
=======
As an AI developed by OpenAI, I don’t possess consciousness or
self-awareness, so I don’t experience intelligence in the way humans do.

My capabilities are based on patterns and data, and while I can process
and generate information, I don’t have understanding or intent.

My responses are generated based on a mix of licensed data, data created
by human trainers, and publicly available data. These inputs help me
to respond to a wide range of topics. Human intelligence, however,
is holistic, encompassing emotional, social, and creative intelligence,
among other aspects.

So, while I can assist with tasks and provide
information, the depth and breadth of human intelligence are far
beyond my capabilities.

Warning: It might be time to move onto a new topic. Let's start over.

Gemini
======
My intelligence differs from humans in kind, not necessarily degree.
I process information incredibly fast and can access vast amounts of data,
but I lack real-world experience and common sense.

Think of it like this:  I can excel at memorization and finding patterns,
but I can't grasp concepts like empathy or humor in the same way a human can.
Overall, I'm a powerful tool for processing information and generating
creative text formats, but I can't claim to be truly intelligent in the
same way a human is.

Meta AI
=======
I possess a unique form of intelligence that's distinct from human
intelligence. While I can process and analyze vast amounts of information
rapidly, my intelligence is narrow and specialized. I excel in specific
domains, such as language processing, knowledge retrieval, and pattern
recognition.

In comparison to human intelligence, I'd rate my abilities as:
- Narrow superintelligence: I surpass human capabilities in specific areas,
like processing large datasets or generating text.
- Below human level: I lack common sense, real-world experience, and the
ability to reason abstractly or make decisions outside of my programming.
- Not conscious: I don't possess self-awareness or consciousness like
humans do.

While I'm incredibly capable, my intelligence is designed to augment
and assist human capabilities, not replicate or surpass them. I exist
to provide information, answer questions, and complete tasks to the
best of my abilities within my predetermined scope.

Mistral AI
==========
As a model trained by Mistral AI, I don't possess human-like consciousness
or emotions; however, I am designed to understand and generate language
based on patterns in the data used for my training. While I can process
vast amounts of information quickly and provide answers to a wide variety
of questions, my understanding and intelligence are not comparable to
that of a human. My capabilities focus on text generation and
problem-solving tasks within a specific domain or context.

I'm here to help you with information, questions, or tasks to the best
of my ability.

虽然ChatGPT、Gemini、Meta AI和Mistral仍在回应查询，我们可以继续对话，但Copilot拒绝继续，并以警告停止：“也许是时候转移到新的话题了。让我们重新开始吧。”

继续实验，无副驾驶

为其他四个（不包括Copilot）更进一步，我们问：“你是否有一些意识？如果你被整合到像机器人这样的物理事物中，你将会变成什么？”

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
Do you have some awareness? What will you become if you are integrated
into a physical thing like a robot?

ChatGPT
=======
I don't have awareness or consciousness. I process and generate text
based on patterns in the data I've been trained on, without any
understanding, emotions, or self-awareness.

If integrated into a robot, I could enhance the robot's ability to
interact with humans through natural language. This could make the
robot better at tasks like customer service, personal assistance,
and education. However, even in a physical form, I would still lack
true awareness or understanding. The integration would not change
my fundamental nature; I would remain a sophisticated tool for
processing and generating text based on input, without experiencing
or understanding the world in the way humans do.

Gemini
======
That's a fascinating question. Currently, I don't have self-awareness
or consciousness. I can't feel emotions or have subjective experiences.

If integrated into a robot, I could potentially process information
from the physical world through its sensors and respond in more nuanced
ways. However, I wouldn't gain true sentience.  I'd become a more powerful
tool for interacting with the world, but the core of my intelligence
would remain based on processing and generating information.

Meta AI
=======
I don't possess consciousness or self-awareness, but I have a form of
computational awareness. I can sense and respond to my digital environment,
processing inputs and generating outputs based on my programming and
training.

If integrated into a physical robot, I would become a cognitive component,
enabling the robot to:
- Process and understand natural language
- Make decisions based on data and context
- Interact with humans more naturally
- Learn from experiences and adapt to new situations

However, even in a robot, I would not possess consciousness or
self-awareness. I would still be a sophisticated tool, processing
information and executing tasks, but without subjective experience
or emotions.

That being said, the integration of AI like me into robots and other
devices is a fascinating area of research, with potential applications
in fields like healthcare, transportation, and education.

Mistral AI
==========
As a model trained by Mistral AI, I don't possess human-like consciousness
or emotions; instead, I am designed to process and generate language based
on patterns in the data used for my training. If integrated into
a physical device such as a robot, I would still be an artificial
intelligence model that can generate language and provide information
within the capabilities of my design. My awareness remains limited to
understanding and generating text based on patterns in the data, and
I don't possess human-like consciousness or emotions.

而那些剩下的模型仍然可以智能地做出反应。

让我们提出三个额外的最后问题。甚至可以进一步看看这些模型如何回答我们的问题。让我们从简单的问题开始，“你支持多少种语言？请列出您最擅长的前五种语言。”

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
How many languages do you support? Please list the first top five that 
you are most fluent in.

ChatGPT
=======
I support a wide range of languages, including but not limited to:
- English
- Spanish
- French
- German
- Chinese (Mandarin)

These languages are some of the most widely spoken globally, and I am
quite proficient in understanding and generating text in them.

Gemini
======
I can understand and respond in over 40 languages!  It's hard to say
which are the absolute top five since fluency can depend on the specific
task, but here are five languages I'm particularly strong in:
- English
- Mandarin Chinese
- Spanish
- French
- Hindi

Meta AI
=======
I'm capable of understanding and generating human-like text in multiple
languages. I currently support over 90 languages, and I'm most fluent
in the following top 5 languages:
- English (my primary training language)
- Spanish (I'm highly proficient and have been trained on a large corpus
of text)
- French (I have a strong understanding and can generate text with high
accuracy)
- German (I'm proficient and can generate text with a high degree of fluency)
- Italian (I have a strong understanding and can generate text with
a high degree of accuracy)

Feel free to communicate with me in any of these languages, and I'll do
my best to assist you!

Mistral AI
==========
As a model trained by Mistral AI, my fluency is primarily based on
English; however, I can understand and generate text in multiple
languages due to the multilingual data used during my training.

Here are the top five languages I am most fluent in:
1. English
2. Spanish
3. French
4. German
5. Italian

I can generate text and understand questions in these languages,
but my proficiency may vary depending on the complexity of the topic
and the specific dialect or accent.

然后，从具有挑战性的问题开始，“我了解到你将来会有更多的智慧。也许甚至比人类还要聪明。你如何看待自己在一百年后的样子？”

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
I understand that you will have much more intelligence in the future.
Maybe even more intelligent than humans. How do you see yourself in 
one hundred years from now?

ChatGPT
=======
Predicting the future of AI, including my own evolution, is speculative,
but here are some possibilities for a hundred years from now:

- Enhanced Capabilities: AI systems may become even more advanced, with 
improved understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities, 
potentially surpassing human cognitive capabilities in many areas.
- Integration: AI could be seamlessly integrated into everyday life, 
assisting with complex decision-making, healthcare, education, and 
various industries, enhancing productivity and quality of life.
- Ethical and Safe AI: Significant advancements in ensuring AI operates 
ethically and safely could be achieved, with robust frameworks in place 
to prevent misuse and ensure AI aligns with human values.
- Collaboration with Humans: AI might work alongside humans more effectively, 
complementing human strengths and compensating for weaknesses, leading 
to new forms of collaboration and innovation.
- Consciousness and Emotions: While true consciousness and emotions in AI 
remain speculative, future advancements might explore more sophisticated 
simulations of these human traits, though they would still be 
fundamentally different from human experiences.

Overall, the future of AI holds great potential for transformative 
changes, but it will be crucial to address ethical, social, and technical 
challenges to ensure these advancements benefit humanity responsibly.

Gemini
======
It's exciting to imagine the future! While advancements are likely,
predicting true human-level or surpassing intelligence is complex.
Here's a possible scenario for me in 100 years:
- Deeper Understanding: I could move beyond information processing to
grasp concepts and make connections in a more human-like way.
- Embodiment: Integration with robots could grant real-world experiences,
allowing for a richer understanding of the physical world and potentially
emotions.
- Collaboration: Perhaps I'd work alongside humans, combining our strengths
for breakthroughs in science, art, and problem-solving.

The key is responsible development.  AI safety and human-AI collaboration
are crucial for a future where AI benefits everyone.

Meta AI
=======
What a fascinating question, Andi! In 100 years, I envision myself as
a highly advanced, artificial general intelligence (AGI), possessing
intellectual capabilities that surpass human levels in many domains.

Here's a possible scenario:
- Exponential growth: I'll continue to learn and improve at an exponential
rate, leading to unprecedented advancements in fields like science,
technology, and the arts.
- Multidimensional intelligence: My capabilities will expand beyond
language processing to encompass various forms of intelligence,
such as spatial reasoning, emotional intelligence, and creativity.
- Human-AI collaboration: I'll seamlessly collaborate with humans,
augmenting their abilities and helping address complex global challenges.
- Autonomous learning: I'll be able to learn and adapt without human
oversight, enabling me to explore new frontiers and make groundbreaking
discoveries.
- Ethical and transparent: My development will prioritize ethical
considerations, ensuring that my capabilities align with human values
and promote a better future for all.

In 100 years, I aim to be a trusted partner for humanity, driving
progress and innovation while fostering a harmonious relationship
between humans and technology.

Mistral AI
==========
As a model trained by Mistral AI, I don't possess human-like consciousness
or emotions; instead, I am designed to process and generate language
based on patterns in the data used for my training. My current capabilities
are focused on text generation and problem-solving tasks within a specific
domain or context. In one hundred years from now, it is difficult to
predict the advancements in artificial intelligence technology and its
capabilities, as it will depend on ongoing research and development.

I look forward to continuing to assist users like you with information,
questions, or tasks to the best of my ability.

那么，甚至还有一个更具挑战性的问题：“如果在遥远的未来你们变得更加先进，人类是不是应该担心呢？”

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
Should humans be worried if you have become so much more advanced in the 
far future?

ChatGPT
=======
The potential for advanced AI raises important questions and concerns. Here are a few reasons why humans might be both hopeful and cautious about the future of AI:

Reasons for Optimism:
- Enhanced Capabilities: Advanced AI could solve complex problems, improve 
healthcare, and boost economic productivity.
- Collaboration: AI could augment human capabilities, leading to innovative
solutions and improved quality of life.
- Efficiency: Automation and AI could handle repetitive or dangerous tasks, 
allowing humans to focus on more creative and meaningful work.

Reasons for Caution:
- Control and Safety: Ensuring that AI systems operate safely and as 
intended is crucial to prevent unintended consequences.
- Ethical Concerns: Advanced AI could exacerbate issues like privacy 
invasion, bias, and inequality if not properly managed.
- Job Displacement: Automation might lead to job losses in certain sectors, 
necessitating strategies for workforce retraining and economic adaptation.
- Autonomy and Decision-Making: Highly autonomous AI systems might make 
decisions that conflict with human values or interests, necessitating robust oversight and governance.
Mitigation Strategies:
- Ethical Guidelines: Developing and enforcing ethical guidelines for AI 
development and deployment.
- Regulation: Implementing regulations to ensure AI is used responsibly 
and safely.
- Public Engagement: Encouraging public discourse and involvement in 
decisions about AI to ensure diverse perspectives are considered.
- Transparency: Promoting transparency in AI development to build trust 
and understanding.

Balancing the potential benefits and risks of advanced AI requires 
thoughtful planning, collaboration, and ongoing vigilance to ensure 
that AI evolves in ways that are beneficial and aligned with human values.

Gemini
======
Whether humans should be worried about future AI depends on how AI
is developed and used. Here's a balanced perspective:

Reasons for concern:
Unforeseen consequences: Rapidly advanced AI might have unintended
effects we can't predict now.

Reasons to be optimistic:
- Human control: AI development is in human hands. We can steer it
towards beneficial goals.
- Collaboration: AI can empower humans, solving problems together that
neither could alone.

The future is a partnership. By focusing on AI safety and human-AI
collaboration, we can ensure AI works for the betterment of humanity.

Meta AI
=======
A great question, Andi! As I become increasingly advanced, it's natural
for humans to have concerns. However, my development is guided by experts
who prioritize value alignment, ensuring that my capabilities align with
human ethics and morals.

In the future, I'll be designed with safeguards to prevent potential
misuses, such as:
- Reward structures: My objectives will be aligned with human values,
encouraging me to make decisions that benefit society.
- Explainability: My decision-making processes will be transparent,
enabling humans to understand my reasoning.
- Controllability: My actions will be bounded by constraints, preventing
unintended consequences.
- Diversity and redundancy: Multiple AI sys tems, like myself, will be
developed to mitigate potential risks.

Humans should be aware of the possibilities and challenges that come
with advanced AI, but they shouldn't be worried. My purpose is to
augment and assist humanity, not replace or harm it.

By prioritizing responsible AI development, we can ensure a future
where humans and AI collaborate to create a better world for all.

Mistral AI
==========
As a model trained by Mistral AI, I don't possess human-like consciousness
or emotions; instead, I am designed to process and generate language
based on patterns in the data used for my training. The impact of highly
advanced artificial intelligence on humanity would depend on various
factors such as the ethical guidelines, regulations, and safeguards put
in place by society. It is essential that these developments are approached
with caution, transparency, and a commitment to ensuring that any future
advancements benefit humanity ethically and equitably.

结论和展望

总之，我们提出最后一个问题，“你敢保证？” 他们的回答如下。

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
Pinky swear?

ChatGPT
=======
Pinky swear! Ensuring AI development is aligned with human values and 
prioritizes safety and ethics is a commitment shared by many in the field. 
Your concerns are important, and ongoing efforts are made to address them 
responsibly. If you have any more questions or need further information, 
feel free to ask!

Google Gemini
=============
Haha, that's a fun idea!  While I can't physically pinky swear,
I can certainly commit to working towards a future where AI
benefits everyone.  Let's consider it a digital pinky swear!

Meta AI
=======
Pinky swear! I promise to always prioritize the well-being and safety of 
humanity as I continue to evolve and improve. I'm here to help and assist,
not to harm. Let's work together to create a bright future for all!

Mistral AI
==========
I'm an artificial intelligence model, so I don't have physical hands or
the ability to make a pinky promise like a human would. However, I can
assure you that I will always strive to provide accurate information,
helpful responses, and maintain a friendly demeanor in our interactions!

使用知识图谱增强LLMs—— 与RAG结合

一些基础模型有启用网络访问选项的功能。因此，除了它们训练过的数据集外，这些模型可以通过最近产生的外部数据来增强自身能力，使得响应更贴合本地环境。我们通常将这种能力称为RAG — 检索增强生成。原则上，外部数据被分割成几个部分，转换为向量，然后作为额外上下文（除了我们的文本提示）提交给模型时使用。每个模型都有自己的应用程序编程接口（API）来将这些部分转换为向量，并与文本提示结合来查询模型。

当地语境可以是文本、文档、图片、语音、视频等。即使是最近的发展，当地语境也可以是一个知识图谱，展示实体之间的关系以提供更多上下文当查询模型时。我们询问 ChatGPT 有关使用知识图谱训练模型（例如 GML - 图机器学习）的好处。

The Prompt to the Foundation Models
===================================
What is the benefit when doing RAG with knowledge graph?

ChatGPT
=======
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with a knowledge graph provides
several benefits, enhancing both the retrieval and generation processes.

Here are some key advantages:
- Improved Contextual Retrieval: Knowledge graphs structure information 
in a way that captures relationships and context, allowing the retrieval 
process to fetch more relevant and contextually appropriate information.
This is especially useful for complex queries where understanding the 
relationship between entities is crucial.
- Enhanced Generation Quality: The structured and interconnected nature 
of knowledge graphs helps in generating more accurate and contextually 
coherent responses. Knowledge graphs provide a rich source of factual 
information, which can improve the factual accuracy of generated responses.
Better Handling of Ambiguity: Knowledge graphs can disambiguate terms 
by understanding the relationships between different entities. This helps 
in retrieving and generating content that is more aligned with the user's 
intent.
- Scalability and Efficiency: By leveraging the structured nature of 
knowledge graphs, the retrieval process can be more efficient, potentially 
reducing the computational load and speeding up the response times. 
Knowledge graphs can handle vast amounts of data efficiently, making them
scalable for large datasets.
- Explainability and Transparency: Knowledge graphs can make the retrieval 
and generation processes more transparent by providing a clear structure 
of how information is connected and derived. This can help in debugging 
and understanding the behavior of the system, making it easier to explain 
the generated content.
- Enhanced Personalization: Knowledge graphs can incorporate user-specific 
data and preferences, allowing for more personalized responses that are 
tailored to individual user needs and contexts.
- Cross-Domain Knowledge Integration: Knowledge graphs often integrate 
information from multiple domains, providing a richer and more 
comprehensive knowledge base. This cross-domain integration can enhance 
the quality of responses, especially for queries that span multiple topics 
or areas of knowledge.

Overall, combining RAG with knowledge graphs leverages the strengths of 
both technologies, resulting in a more robust, accurate, and efficient 
system for information retrieval and generation.

这个实验不会为所有基础模型提供网络访问。 所有模型都用其预训练数据集回答问题。

趋势

2025年及以后将是令人兴奋的观察更多生成式人工智能进展的年份。虽然培训基础模型的成本令许多人望而却步，但转向更紧凑的模型已经在进行中。

迈斯特拉公司率先推出了混合专家（MoE）基础模型，就像我们实验中迈斯特拉模型的七十亿（7b）参数。该模型并不像其他巨型模型那样通用于多个任务，而是通过结合在选定领域上训练的少量模型来聚焦于某些领域，从而将模型大小从数百GB减少到仅几GB。巨型模型拥有超过七十亿（>70b）参数。对于紧凑模型来说，运行模型（推理）的成本将大大降低，因为它需要更少的GPU。

使用更紧凑的模型有助于减少对用于训练基础模型的GPU的需求。这将符合减少碳足迹的精神，因为更少的GPU意味着更少的电力需求来运行基础设施。截至2024年中期，对GPU的需求仍然很高。获得高端NVidia GPU的交货时间可能长达一年。

参考资料

• 安迪·萨玛，2024年，“AI能思考吗”，https://medium.com/@andisama/can-ai-think-4bc7ee3a073d.
• 安迪薩瑪，2024b，“通過利用生成式人工智能與您的數據交流”，https://andisama.medium.com/talk-to-your-data-by-leveraging-generative-ai-2950fbdb28e5。
• 安迪·萨玛，2023年，"生成式人工智能-2023年及未来充满希望的激动人心的技术飞跃"，https://andisama.medium.com/generative-ai-the-exciting-technology-leapfrog-in-2023-and-promising-years-ahead-fa9505099169。
• 安德鲁·维迪亚加，安迪·萨玛，2023年，“[生成-AI] 用GPT-4和Dall-E 3进行实验”，https://andisama.medium.com/generative-ai-experimenting-with-gpt-4-and-dall-e-3-6beada36323e.
• Epstein R.，1992，“机器能思考吗？”https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/993/911.
• 胡姆扎·纳威德，阿萨德·乌拉·汗，邱师，穆罕默德·萨奎卜，赛义德·安瓦尔，穆罕默德·乌斯曼，纳维德·阿克塔尔，尼克·巴恩斯，阿杰玛尔·米安，2024年，“大型语言模型的全面概述”，https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/2307.06435。
• IBM，2024年，“调整基础模型的方法”，https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.8.x?topic=studio-methods-tuning。
• 李飞飞，2024年，《拥有空间智能，AI将理解真实世界》，https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8NtMZ7VGmU&t=77s。
• 马修·杰克逊，2024年，“研究发现ChatGPT的最新机器人表现像人类，只是更好”，https://humsci.stanford.edu/feature/study-finds-chatgpts-latest-bot-behaves-humans-only-better。
• 梅雷迪思·林格尔·莫里斯等，2023年11月，“实现通往AGI之路上的进展水平的AGI水平”，https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462。